Metacognitive Strategies in Solving Mathematical Problems Article

Metacognitive Strategies in Solving Mathematical Problems - Article Example The research study has applied multiple regression analysis to evaluate the predictive ability of the identified variables so as to tabulate the performance for the routine and non-routine calculus problems. The study has significantly found that problem solving skill is acquired through practice and utilization of thinking strategies which is the corner stone on which advanced mathematical ideas, particularly calculus is built upon. The study has also revealed that there are six meaningful predictive factors for calculus related to performance in problem solving. The variable of Strategy is the major projection followed by Accommodation, Self-efficacy, Definition, Exploration and Execution. Nevertheless, the variables with the highest practical importance are Accommodation and Self-Efficacy. With these findings, educators will be able to clinically evaluate a person's ability to regulate, monitor and control his/her own cognitive processes. Instructional strategies can be developed for individuals having difficulty with the learning environment. The purpose of this study is to develop an instrument to adequately identify metacognitive strategies utilized by individuals' in the processes of solving mathematical problems. A cognitive process whether it is regular or irregular, conscious ... This is based on the hypothesis that a problem solver needs to be aware of the current activity regarding the overall goal along with the strategies used to attain that goal. It is well established that successful students possess powerful strategies for dealing with problems in order to arrive at novel solutions. Background Information on the Problem The metacognitive awareness merges itself by adjusting and recognizing the expansive bank of multiple metacognitive experiences. This has been previously described by Flavell (1976) as being a conscious cognitive or affective experience that accompanies our actions by dispensing to an intellectual enterprise. Thus, metacognition involves the "active monitoring and consequent regulation and orchestration" of cognitive course in order to achieve cognitive goals (Flavell 1976:p. 252). Review of Literature Kluwe (1982) has expanded on Flavell's theory of metacognition by shedding new light on the previously established empirical concept. He has identified two general attributes common to thinking procedures which are known as 'metacognitive'. Both attributes identified by Kluwe have to do with the person who exercises metacognitive thinking. The first postulates that "the thinking subject has some knowledge about his own thinking and that of other persons," while the second professes that "the thinking subject may monitor and regulate the course of his own thinking, i.e., may act as the causal agent of his own thinking" (1982, p. 202).Drawing from that, all processes seek to adapt and regulate a multitude of solutions actively. Research Question(s) Statement of the Problem Creation of Essential Question The concept of metacognition and thinking practices was first echoed by Rickard (1995) and

Intention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Intention - Essay Example Intention is the thought process of the person who commits the crime in a determined and directed manner. It is the idea with which the person goes about committing the crime. Intention has been defined many times by the Court, and in all these cases the Court has looked up the meaning in an evolving manner. House of Lords in R v Moloney [1985] AC 905 defined intention as the following: â€Å"It is the foresight of a particular consequence and the desire to act or fail in order to give rise to those consequences†2 Understanding from the abovementioned definition, we infer that intention is not just the act of having a guilty mind, but goes much beyond it. It is the act of having a guilty mind along with the act of performing such necessary tasks, which are crucial to actuating the guilt, which is present in the mind. It has been considerably difficult to extract in the criminal case whether intention existed or not, however, it is pertinent to note that intention consisted of the entire act of committing the crime. It gives rise to the thought process and carries onwards until the criminal commits the criminal act. Intention is one of the â€Å"states of mind† which constitute the prerequisite mental state for  mens rea. It is the source of the guilty mind. ... Actus reus is the form of act which gives practice to the thought of mens rea. During a criminal trial the prosecution has to prove that both contingencies existed. It is not enough to prove that there was the existence of actus reus or mens rea in isolation. Both the contingencies have to follow one another. Foresight is an important ingredient of the concept of intention in criminal law. In the case of R v Belfon (1976) 3 All ER 46, the courts said that foresight should not be equated or confused with recklessness. While foresight consists of a planned thought process, which has an end and a beginning, recklessness is a random act coming out of nowhere, which ends up in an act deemed to be criminal in nature. Foresight and the act and will to follow that thought process are the final straw in the coffin for the accused. If the prosecution can prove that the act was committed with a proper bite of foresight and was not a random act in isolation then the prosecution stands to win the case. It is the prerogative of the prosecution to ascertain that intention was there throughout the commition of the act. The thought of mens rea has to be consistently proved, and even if in one of the situation it is proved by the defense counsel that the thought process of mens rea is missing then the courts cannot ascertain that the act deemed to be criminal was committed by the accused, and he stands to be evicted. It is this doubt, which has to be removed by the prosecution, and therefore it is imperative to say that foresight was consistently present while the act was being committed4. The case of R. Molony (1985) shall be analyzed to further understand the definition of intention. The case involved an argument between the son and his stepfather over who can shoot